Umdibaniso wemfuno kunye notshintsho lwetekhnoloji
Ngaphandle kweziphumo ezinkulu ezivela kubhubhani we-COVID-19, iziphumo ezininzi zangaphandle kunye nezangaphakathi zikhokelela ekwehleni kwemfuno kwimakethi yezixhobo zoomatshini.Ukuguqulwa koshishino lweemoto ukusuka kwii-injini zokutsha zangaphakathi ukuya kwii-drivetrains zombane kubonisa umngeni obalulekileyo kwishishini lesixhobo somatshini.Ngelixa i-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi ifuna iindawo ezininzi zentsimbi ezichane kakhulu, oku akunjalo kwii-drivetrains zombane, ezinezixhobo ezimbalwa.Ngaphandle kwempembelelo yobhubhane, esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba ii-odolo zokusika isinyithi kunye nokwenza oomatshini behle kakhulu kwiinyanga ezili-18 ezidlulileyo.
Ngaphandle kwako konke ukungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho, ishishini likwinqanaba lokuphazamiseka okukhulu.Zange ngaphambili abakhi bezixhobo zoomatshini bafumane utshintsho olukhulu kushishino lwabo njengaleyo iqhutywa yidijithali kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha.Umkhwa wokuguquguquka okukhulu kwimveliso uqhuba ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha ezifana nokwenza izinto ezininzi kunye nokuvelisa okongeziweyo njengezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo kwizixhobo zoomatshini bemveli.
Iinguqulelo zedijithali kunye noqhagamshelwano olunzulu lubonisa iimpawu ezixabisekileyo.Ukudityaniswa kwenzwa, ukusetyenziswa kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI), kunye nokudityaniswa kweempawu zokulinganisa ezinobunkunkqele zenza ukuqhubela phambili ekusebenzeni komatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo (OEE).Izinzwa ezintsha kunye neendlela ezintsha zonxibelelwano, ukulawula, kunye nokubeka iliso kwenza amathuba amatsha eenkonzo ezihlakaniphile kunye neemodeli ezintsha zoshishino kwimarike yesixhobo somatshini.Iinkonzo eziphuculweyo ngokwedijithali sele ziza kuba yinxalenye yepotfoliyo yeOEM nganye.Isiphakamiso sokuthengisa esisodwa (USP) sitshintshela ngokucacileyo kwixabiso elongezelelweyo ledijithali.Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 unokuwukhawulezisa ngakumbi lo mkhwa.
Imingeni yangoku yabakhi bezixhobo zoomatshini
Imizi-mveliso yempahla eyinkunzi inovelwano kukudodobala koqoqosho ngokubanzi.Kuba izixhobo zoomatshini zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuvelisa ezinye iimpahla eziyinkunzi, oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kwishishini lesixhobo soomatshini, nto leyo eyenza kube sesichengeni kukuguquguquka kwezoqoqosho.Ukudodobala koqoqosho kutsha nje okubangelwe ngubhubhane kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibi kukhankanyiwe njengowona mngeni mkhulu abakhi bezixhobo zoomatshini abajongene nawo.
Ngo-2019, ukukhula kokungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho ngeziganeko ze-geopolitical ezifana nemfazwe yorhwebo yase-US yase-China kunye ne-Brexit kukhokelele ekudodobaleni koqoqosho lwehlabathi.Imisebenzi yokungenisa impahla ekrwada, amacandelo esinyithi, kunye noomatshini ichaphazele ishishini lomatshini kunye nokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini kumazwe angaphandle.Ngelo xesha, inani elikhulayo labakhuphisanayo kwinqanaba eliphantsi lomgangatho, ngokukodwa ukusuka e-China, licela umngeni kwimarike.
Kwicala labathengi, i-paradigm shift kushishino lweemoto ukuya kwii-drivetrains zombane kukhokelele kwintlekele yesakhiwo.Ukwehla okuhambelanayo kwemfuno yeemoto eziqhutywa ziinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi kukhokelela ekwehleni kwemfuno yeetekhnoloji ezininzi zokuvelisa kwi-automotive drivetrain.Abavelisi beemoto bayathandabuza ukutyalomali kwimpahla entsha yokuvelisa ngenxa yekamva elingaqinisekanga leenjini eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa i-ramp-up yemigca emitsha yokuvelisa iimoto ze-e-imoto zisekwinqanaba lokuqala.Oku kuchaphazela ikakhulu abakhi bezixhobo zoomatshini abajolise kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo zomatshini wokusika kwishishini leemoto.
Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuhla kwemfuno yezixhobo zoomatshini kunokutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo kwimizila emitsha yokuvelisa ukususela ekubeni ukuveliswa kweemoto ze-e kufuna iindawo ezimbalwa zetsimbi ezichanekileyo.Kodwa ukwahluka kwe-drivetrain ngaphaya kokutsha kunye neenjini ezisebenza ngebhetri ziya kufuna itekhnoloji entsha yemveliso kwiminyaka ezayo.
Iziphumo ze-COVID-19 Crisis
Impembelelo enkulu ye-COVID-19 ivakala kwishishini lezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nakuninzi lwamanye amashishini.Ukudodobala koqoqosho ngokubanzi ngenxa yobhubhani wehlabathi kukhokelele ekwehleni okukhulu kwemfuno kwiikota ezimbini zokuqala zika-2020. Ukuvalwa kwefektri, ukuphazamiseka kwamakhonkco obonelelo, ukunqongophala kweendawo zokukhangela, imiceli mngeni yolungiselelo, kunye nezinye iingxaki ziye zayenza mandundu le meko.
Phakathi kweziphumo zangaphakathi, isibini kwisithathu seenkampani eziphandwayo zibike ukuncitshiswa kweendleko ngokubanzi ngenxa yemeko yangoku.Ngokuxhomekeke ekudityanisweni ngokuthe nkqo kwimveliso, oku kubangele ixesha elide lomsebenzi wexeshana elifutshane okanye ukudendwa.
Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-50 zeenkampani sele ziza kuphinda zicinge ngesicwangciso sazo malunga neemeko ezintsha zommandla wentengiso yazo.Kwisinye kwisithathu seenkampani, oku kubangela utshintsho kwintlangano kunye nemisebenzi yohlengahlengiso.Ngelixa ii-SME zidla ngokuphendula ngotshintsho olukhulu ngakumbi kwishishini labo elisebenzayo, uninzi lweenkampani ezinkulu zihlengahlengisa ubume bazo obusele bukhona kunye nombutho ukuze zilungelelanise ngcono imeko entsha.
Iziphumo zexesha elide kushishino lwesixhobo soomatshini kunzima ukuqikelela, kodwa iimfuno eziguqukayo zekhonkco lonikezelo kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yeenkonzo zedijithali kunokwenzeka ukuba kube ngokusisigxina.Kuba iinkonzo zisafuneka ukugcina oomatshini abafakelweyo benemveliso, ii-OEMs kunye nababoneleli bandisa inkonzo yabo yepotfoliyo egxile kwimveliso yedijithali ephuculweyo njengeenkonzo ezikude.Iimeko ezintsha kunye nokuphambuka ekuhlaleni kukhokelela kwimfuno ekhulayo yeenkonzo zedijithali.
Kwicala labathengi, utshintsho olusisigxina lubonakala ngokucacileyo.Ishishini le-aerospace lithwaxwa zizithintelo zokuhamba zehlabathi.I-Airbus kunye ne-Boeing babhengeze izicwangciso zokunciphisa imveliso yabo kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.Oku kuyasebenza nakwishishini lokwakha iinqanawa, apho imfuno yeenqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa iye yehla yaya kuthi ga kwi-zero.Oku kucuthwa kwemveliso kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kwimfuno yesixhobo somatshini kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
Ukubakho kweeNdlela eziNtsha zeTekhnoloji
Ukutshintsha iimfuno zabaThengi
Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kobuninzi, ukunciphisa ixesha kumthengi, kunye nemveliso yasezidolophini ziindlela ezimbalwa ezifuna ukuguquguquka komatshini.Ngaphandle kwemiba ephambili njengexabiso, ukusetyenziswa, ixesha elide, isantya senkqubo, kunye nomgangatho, ukuguquguquka okukhulu komatshini kubaluleke ngakumbi njengenye yeempawu eziphambili zoomatshini abatsha.
Abaphathi bezityalo kunye nabaphathi bemveliso abanoxanduva baqaphela ukubaluleka okukhulayo kweempawu zedijithali ukuphucula imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwempahla yabo.Ukhuseleko lwedatha, unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo lonxibelelwano, kunye neteknoloji entsha yolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano (ICT) zibalulekile ukudibanisa izicelo zedijithali kunye nezisombululo kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kunye nemveliso ye-serial.Ukunqongophala kwanamhlanje kolwazi lwedijithali kunye nemithombo yezemali kunye nemiqobo yexesha kuthintela ukuphunyezwa kophuculo lwedijithali kunye neenkonzo ezintsha zabasebenzisi bokugqibela.Ngaphezu koko, ukulandelwa okungaguqukiyo kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha yenkqubo kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kunye nemfuneko enyanzelekileyo kumashishini amaninzi abathengi.
Imbonakalo entle kuShishino lweziThuthi
Nangona kukho umoya ovuthuzayo, ishishini leemoto likhangeleka liqaqambile, kwihlabathi liphela.Ngokwemithombo yoshishino, iiyunithi zemveliso yezithuthi ezikhanyayo zehlabathi ziye zaphawuleka kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke nokukhula.I-APAC kulindeleke ukuba ibhalise awona mazinga aphezulu okukhula ngokwemiqulu yemveliso elandelwa nguMntla Melika.Ngaphaya koko, ukuthengiswa kweZithuthi zoMbane kunye nokuveliswa kuyanda ngesantya sokurekhoda, esidala imfuno yezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokuvelisa.Izixhobo zoomatshini zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kushishino lweemoto ezifana ne-CNC yokusila (iimeko zebhokisi yegiya, izindlu zothumelo, iintloko zeesilinda ze-injini, njl. njl.), ukujika (imigqomo ye-brake, i-rotors, i-fly wheel, njl. njl.) kunye nokufika kwezinto eziphambili. Itekhnoloji kunye ne-automation, imfuno yomatshini iya kunyuka kuphela ukufumana imveliso kunye nokuchaneka.
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kulindeleke ukuba zilawule intengiso kwihlabathi liphela
Oomatshini bokulawula amanani ekhompyuter balungelelanisa iinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza ngokunciphisa ixesha lokuvelisa kunye nokunciphisa impazamo yomntu.Imfuno ekhulayo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezizenzekelayo kwicandelo loshishino kukhokelele ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa koomatshini be-CNC.Kwakhona, ukusekwa kweendawo zokuvelisa e-Asia-Pacific kukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kolawulo lwamanani ekhompyuter kwicandelo.
Imakethi ekhuphisana kakhulu inyanzelise abadlali ukuba bagxile kubuchule bokwenza obusebenzayo bezama ukufumana inzuzo yokukhuphisana ngokuyila ngokutsha izibonelelo zabo, ezibandakanya oomatshini be-CNC.Ngaphandle koku, ukudityaniswa kwe-3D yoshicilelo kunye noomatshini be-CNC yongezwa ngokukodwa kwezinye iiyunithi zemveliso entsha, ekulindeleke ukuba inike amandla angcono obuninzi bezinto ezininzi, kunye nokuchithwa kwemithombo encinci.
Kunye noku, kunye nokunyuka kweenkxalabo malunga nokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokunciphisa oovimba bamandla, oomatshini be-CNC basetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo ekuveliseni amandla, njengoko le nkqubo ifuna ukuzenzekelayo okubanzi.
Ukhuphiswano Lomhlaba
Imakethi yezixhobo zoomatshini yahlulahlulwe ngokwendalo ngobukho babadlali abakhulu behlabathi kunye nabadlali basekhaya abancinci nabaphakathi kunye nabadlali abambalwa abathatha isabelo semarike.Abakhuphisana abakhulu kwiimarike zezixhobo zoomatshini behlabathi ziquka iTshayina, iJamani, iJapan, ne-Itali.EJamani, ngaphandle kwamakhulu aliqela okuthengisa kunye neenkonzo ezincedisayo okanye iiofisi zamasebe zabenzi bezixhobo zoomatshini baseJamani kwihlabathi liphela, mhlawumbi zingaphantsi kwama-20 iinkampani zaseJamani ezivelisa iiyunithi ezipheleleyo phesheya okwangoku.
Ngokunyuka kokukhetha okuzenzekelayo, iinkampani zigxile ekuphuhliseni izisombululo ezizenzekelayo.Ishishini likwangqina umkhwa wokudityaniswa nokudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa.Ezi zicwangciso zinceda iinkampani ukuba zingene kwiindawo ezintsha zentengiso kwaye zifumane abathengi abatsha.
Ikamva leZixhobo zoomatshini
Inkqubela phambili kwi-hardware kunye nesoftware itshintsha ishishini lesixhobo somatshini.Iindlela zeshishini kwiminyaka ezayo zinokujolisa kolu kuqhubela phambili, ngakumbi njengoko lubhekiselele kwi-automation.
Ishishini lezixhobo zoomatshini kulindeleke ukuba libone inkqubela phambili ku:
Ukubandakanywa kweempawu ezintle kunye nothungelwano
Oomatshini abazenzekelayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-IoT
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Ukuqhubela phambili kwesoftware yeCNC
Ukubandakanywa kweempawu ezihlakaniphile kunye neeNethiwekhi
Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yothungelwano yenze ukuba kube lula kunangaphambili ukudibanisa izixhobo ezihlakaniphile kunye nokwakha uthungelwano lwasekhaya.
Ngokomzekelo, izixhobo ezininzi kunye nothungelwano lwe-industrial edge computing kulindeleke ukuba lusebenzise iintambo ze-Ethernet (SPE) zesibini kwiminyaka ezayo.Itekhnoloji ikhona iminyaka, kodwa iinkampani ziqala ukubona inzuzo ebonelela ngayo ekwakheni amanethiwekhi ahlakaniphile.
Iyakwazi ukudlulisa amandla kunye nedatha ngaxeshanye, i-SPE ifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo ukudibanisa izinzwa ezihlakaniphile kunye nezixhobo ezithungelwano kwiikhompyuter ezinamandla ngakumbi eziqhuba uthungelwano lwamashishini.Isiqingatha sobukhulu bentambo ye-Ethernet yesiqhelo, inokungena kwiindawo ezininzi, isetyenziselwe ukongeza uqhagamshelo olungakumbi kwindawo enye, kwaye iphinde ifakwe kwiinethiwekhi zentambo ezikhoyo.Oku kwenza i-SPE ibe lukhetho olunengqiqo lokwakha uthungelwano oluhlakaniphile kumzi-mveliso kunye neendawo zokugcina izinto ezinokuthi zingalungeli i-WiFi yesizukulwana sangoku.
Uthungelwano lwendawo ebanzi yamandla aphantsi (LPWAN) luvumela idatha ukuba ihanjiswe ngaphandle kwamacingo kwizixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kuluhlu olukhulu kunobuchwepheshe bangaphambili.Uphinda-phindo olutsha losasazo lwe-LPWAN lunokuhamba unyaka wonke ngaphandle kokutshintshwa kwaye lusasaze idatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3 km.
Nokuba iWiFi iya isiba namandla ngakumbi.Imigangatho emitsha ye-WiFi ephuhliswayo ngoku yi-IEEE iya kusebenzisa i-2.4 GHz kunye ne-5.0 GHz i-wireless frequencies, ukomeleza amandla kunye nokufikelela ngaphaya kweenethiwekhi zangoku ezikwaziyo.
Ukufikeleleka okwandisiweyo kunye nokuguquguquka okubonelelwa bubuchwephesha obunengcingo kunye nobungenazingcingo zenza ukuba i-automation yenzeke ngomyinge omkhulu kunangaphambili.Ngokudibanisa itekhnoloji yothungelwano oluphambili, uthungelwano oluzenzekelayo kunye nothungelwano oluhlakaniphile luya kuxhaphaka kwibhodi yonke kungekudala, ukusuka kwimveliso ye-aerospace ukuya kwezolimo.
Oomatshini abaSebenzayo kunye ne-IoT eLungeleyo
Njengoko ishishini liqhubeka lisamkela ngakumbi itekhnoloji yedijithali, siza kubona ukwenziwa koomatshini abaninzi abakhelwe ukuzenzela kunye ne-intanethi ye-industrial yezinto (IIoT).Ngendlela efanayo siye sabona ukwanda kwezixhobo eziqhagamshelweyo - ukusuka kwii-smartphones ukuya kwi-smart thermostats - ilizwe lokuvelisa liya kwamkela itekhnoloji edibeneyo.
Izixhobo zoomatshini abakrelekrele kunye neerobhothi ziya kusingatha ipesenti enkulu yomsebenzi kwizicwangciso zemizi-mveliso njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili.Ngokukodwa kwezo meko apho umsebenzi uyingozi kakhulu ukuba abantu benze, izixhobo zomatshini ezizenzekelayo ziya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
Njengoko uninzi lwezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi zigcwala umgangatho wefektri, i-cybersecurity iya kuba yinkxalabo eyongeziweyo.Ukuqhekezwa kwemizi-mveliso kubangele ukophulwa okunintsi okuxhalabisayo kweenkqubo ezizisebenzelayo kule minyaka idlulileyo, ezinye zazo ebezinokukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nobomi.Njengoko iinkqubo ze-IIoT zidityaniswa ngakumbi, i-cybersecurity iya kwanda kuphela ukubaluleka.
AI
Ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI kumatshini weprogram kuya kwanda.Njengoko oomatshini kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini bezizenzekelayo ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu, iinkqubo ziya kufuneka zibhalwe kwaye zenziwe ngexesha lokwenyani ukulawula abo matshini.Kulapho i-AI ingena khona.
Kumxholo wezixhobo zoomatshini, i-AI ingasetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngumatshini ukusika iinxalenye, ukuqinisekisa ukuba aziphambuki kwiinkcukacha.Ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle, i-AI inokuvala umatshini kwaye iqhube ukuxilongwa, ukunciphisa umonakalo.
I-AI inokuncedisa ekugcinweni kwesixhobo somatshini ukunciphisa kunye nokujongana neengxaki ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.Umzekelo, kutsha nje ukubhalwa kwenkqubo ekwaziyo ukubona ukuguga nokukrazuka kwe-screw drive, into ekwakufuneka yenziwe ngesandla ngaphambili.Iinkqubo ze-AI ezinje zinokunceda ukugcina ivenkile yomatshini isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, igcine imveliso igudile kwaye ingaphazanyiswa.
Uphuculo lweSoftware yeCNC
Ukuqhubela phambili kwisoftware yokwenziwa kwekhompyuter (CAM) esetyenziswa kumatshini weCNC ivumela ukuchaneka ngakumbi kwimveliso.Isoftware yeCAM ngoku ivumela oomatshini ukuba basebenzise i-digital twinning - inkqubo yokulinganisa into ebonakalayo okanye inkqubo kwihlabathi ledijithali.
Phambi kokuba inxalenye yenziwe ngokwasemzimbeni, ukulinganisa kwedijithali kwenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso kunokuqhutywa.Iisethi zezixhobo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zinokuvavanywa ukubona ukuba yintoni enokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.Oko kunciphisa iindleko ngokulondoloza imathiriyeli kunye neeyure zomntu ebezinokuthi ngenye indlela zisetyenziswe ukucokisa inkqubo yokuvelisa.
Iinguqulelo ezintsha zesoftware yomatshini efana neCAD kunye neCAM zikwasetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha abasebenzi abatsha, zibabonisa iimodeli ze-3D zamalungu abawenzayo kunye nomatshini abasebenza nawo ukubonisa iikhonsepthi.Le software ikwaququzelela isantya sokusebenza ngokukhawuleza, okuthetha ukuba lixesha elincinci le-lag kunye nempendulo ekhawulezayo kubaqhubi boomatshini ngelixa besebenza.
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-Multi-axis zisebenza ngakumbi, kodwa zikwasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokungqubana njengoko iindawo ezininzi zisebenza ngaxeshanye.Isoftware ephucukileyo inciphisa lo mngcipheko, iphinde icuthe ixesha lokuphumla kunye nezinto ezilahlekileyo.
Oomatshini baSebenza ngobukrelekrele
Izixhobo zoomatshini bexesha elizayo zikrelekrele, zinenethiwekhi ngokulula, kwaye azichanekanga ekwenzeni iimpazamo.Njengoko ixesha lihamba, i-automation iya kuba lula kwaye isebenze ngakumbi ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini ezikhokelwa yi-AI kunye nesoftware ephezulu.Abasebenzisi baya kukwazi ukulawula oomatshini babo ngojongano lwekhompyuter ngokulula kwaye benze iinxalenye ezineempazamo ezimbalwa.Ukuqhubela phambili kothungelwano kuya kwenza ukuba kube lula ukufikelela kwiifektri ezihlakaniphile kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla.
Umzi-mveliso we-4.0 nawo unamandla okuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini kwimisebenzi yokuvelisa ngokusika ixesha elingasebenziyo.Uphando lweshishini lubonise ukuba izixhobo zoomatshini zisebenza ngokusebenzayo ukusika isinyithi ngaphantsi kwe-40% yexesha, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya phantsi ukuya kuma-25% yexesha.Ukuhlalutya idatha enxulumene notshintsho lwesixhobo, ukumisa inkqubo, njl., inceda imibutho ibone isizathu sokungasebenzi kunye nokujongana nayo.Oku kubangela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zoomatshini.
Njengoko i-Industry 4.0 iqhubeka nokuthatha umhlaba wonke wokuvelisa ngesiphango, izixhobo zoomatshini nazo ziba yinxalenye yenkqubo ehlakaniphile.NaseIndiya, ingqikelelo, nangona ikumanqanaba asakhulayo, ngokuthe ngcembe ifumana umphunga, ngakumbi phakathi kwabadlali bezixhobo zoomatshini abakhulu abenza izinto ezintsha kweli cala.Ngokuyintloko, imboni yezixhobo zoomatshini ijonge kwi-Industry 4.0 ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zabathengi ukuze kuphuculwe imveliso, ixesha elincitshisiweyo lomjikelo kunye nomgangatho omkhulu.Ngoko ke, ukwamkela ingcamango yoShishino 4.0 kungundoqo wokuphumeza injongo enqwenelekayo yokwenza i-Indiya ibe liziko lehlabathi lokuvelisa, ukuyila kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, kunye nokwandisa isabelo sokwenziwa kwemveliso kwi-GDP ukusuka kwi-17% ukuya kwi-25% ngo-2022.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-28-2022